Text l Americans,we are told,believe in competition.But a shockingly large number of workers-30 million-are shackled by what are called"noncompetes,"which are agreements forbidding employees to leave their job to work for a competitor or to start their own competing business.And the number is growing fast.Once reserved for a corporation's most treasured rainmakers,noncompetes are now routinely applied to low-wage workers like warehouse employees,fast-food workers and even dog sitters.Like other anti-competitive practices,they poison our economy in larger,less perceptible ways.A report from the Treasury Department suggests that noncompetes should be banned for all employees,regardless of skill,industry or wage;they simply do more harm than good.Because laws governing noncompetes vary from state to state,we can analyze the effects of these kinds of contracts on wages,competition and labor mobility.The evidence shows wages in states that enforce noncompetes are 10 percent lower than in states that restrict their use.The Treasury Department concluded in its recent report that"by reducing workers'job options,noncompete agreements force workers to accept lower wages in their current jobs,and may sometimes induce workers to leave their occupations entirely,forgoing accumulated human capital."Workers shackled by noncompetes cannot rely on outside offers and free-market competition to fairly value their talents.Without incentives to increase wages in-house,companies can allow salaries to plateau.California and Massachusetts offer a case study within the high-tech industry.California strictly voids all noncompete agreements.Massachusetts,like most other states,enforces noncompetes.Both states enjoyed an early boom within the high-tech market,but California's Silicon Valley has continued growing,while Massachusetts has sputtered.In Massachusetts the enforcement of those agreements kept out new businesses by preventing people most likely to start new businesses-experienced former employees-from staying in the region.Meanwhile,in Silicon Valley,entrepreneurial activity flourished;thanks to California's refusal to enforce all noncompetes（including those from other jurisdictions）,it remains the tech center of the world.The best companies already realize the damaging effect of post-employment restrictions.Companies with little turnover risk becoming stagnant and short-sighted.In fact,relying on noncompetes rather than active recruitment and retention creates a market for lemons-a business will end up with employees who stay despite their unhappiness.Smart leaders treat departing employees as alumni,rather than sour exes in a divorce.But too many other employers have become increasingly inclined to bring disagreements with their former employees to court,relying on noncompetes rather than positive incentives to retain the best talent and reduce the competition.The liberty to move in the job market not only supports workers'choice,equality and wage growth but also creates the competition that catalyzes entrepreneurship,innovation and overall economic growth.If we want a healthy and free market,we should not shackle workers to the first business that offers them a job.Let them compete.
According to Paragraph 3,non-compete agreements
A.close down workers'job options
B.weaken workers'bargain power on wage
C.dissuade workers from staying
D.disrespect workers'potentials
答案：B
解析：
[信息锁定]第三段②句揭示竞业禁止与低工资的联系；③句明确二者因果关系：竞业禁止减少劳动者就业选择，迫使其接受低工资；④句描述受竞业禁止协议所限的劳动者的遭遇：无法为自身才能合理公正要价。可见该协议导致劳动者很难以其在劳动市场的价值为筹码争取涨工资，B.正确。[解题技巧]A.将③句“减少劳动者就业选择”夸大为“使劳动者失去就业选择”：C.根据③句induce workers to leave their occupa“ons entirely“使得劳动者彻底离开现有职业”而来，却忽视其前may sometimes（极端时候愤然离去，不顾业已积累的资源）及accept lower wages in their current jobs（多数时候原地不动，接受不匹配实际才能的低廉工资）ID.断章取义④句cannot.…value their talent“不能……重视劳动者才能”，而文意实则指“劳动者因竞业禁止协议而丧失与雇主在薪资待遇上的讨价还价能力”而非“竞业禁止协议轻视劳动者潜能”。
Text l Americans,we are told,believe in competition.But a shockingly large number of workers-30 million-are shackled by what are called"noncompetes,"which are agreements forbidding employees to leave their job to work for a competitor or to start their own competing business.And the number is growing fast.Once reserved for a corporation's most treasured rainmakers,noncompetes are now routinely applied to low-wage workers like warehouse employees,fast-food workers and even dog sitters.Like other anti-competitive practices,they poison our economy in larger,less perceptible ways.A report from the Treasury Department suggests that noncompetes should be banned for all employees,regardless of skill,industry or wage;they simply do more harm than good.Because laws governing noncompetes vary from state to state,we can analyze the effects of these kinds of contracts on wages,competition and labor mobility.The evidence shows wages in states that enforce noncompetes are 10 percent lower than in states that restrict their use.The Treasury Department concluded in its recent report that"by reducing workers'job options,noncompete agreements force workers to accept lower wages in their current jobs,and may sometimes induce workers to leave their occupations entirely,forgoing accumulated human capital."Workers shackled by noncompetes cannot rely on outside offers and free-market competition to fairly value their talents.Without incentives to increase wages in-house,companies can allow salaries to plateau.California and Massachusetts offer a case study within the high-tech industry.California strictly voids all noncompete agreements.Massachusetts,like most other states,enforces noncompetes.Both states enjoyed an early boom within the high-tech market,but California's Silicon Valley has continued growing,while Massachusetts has sputtered.In Massachusetts the enforcement of those agreements kept out new businesses by preventing people most likely to start new businesses-experienced former employees-from staying in the region.Meanwhile,in Silicon Valley,entrepreneurial activity flourished;thanks to California's refusal to enforce all noncompetes（including those from other jurisdictions）,it remains the tech center of the world.The best companies already realize the damaging effect of post-employment restrictions.Companies with little turnover risk becoming stagnant and short-sighted.In fact,relying on noncompetes rather than active recruitment and retention creates a market for lemons-a business will end up with employees who stay despite their unhappiness.Smart leaders treat departing employees as alumni,rather than sour exes in a divorce.But too many other employers have become increasingly inclined to bring disagreements with their former employees to court,relying on noncompetes rather than positive incentives to retain the best talent and reduce the competition.The liberty to move in the job market not only supports workers'choice,equality and wage growth but also creates the competition that catalyzes entrepreneurship,innovation and overall economic growth.If we want a healthy and free market,we should not shackle workers to the first business that offers them a job.Let them compete.
Concerning departing employees,it Js wise for leaders to_____.
A.treat them like a traitor
B.respect their choice willingly
C.take legal actions against them
D.manage to persuade them to stay
答案：B
解析：
[信息锁定]第五段④句明确指出：明智的领导者应将即将离职的员工视为毕业校友（该放手就放手）．而不是离婚纠纷中态度恶劣的前任（死缠烂打，提各种要求）。可见作者认为领导者应该尊重员工的选择，B.正确。[解题技巧]A.根据④句sour exes推测而出，而该做法是作者抨击的对象．C.是⑤句不明智雇主（too many other employers）的做法，与题干所问不符；D.源自⑤句片段信息to retain talent．但结合④句，作者强调的是之前就要实行激励措施以留住员工，而不是到员工要走了再作徒劳的挽留。
The EMPLOYEES table contains these columns: EMPLOYEE_ID NUMBER(4) LAST_NAME VARCHAR2 (25) JOB_ID VARCHAR2(10) You want to search for strings that contain 'SA_' in the JOB_ID column. Which SQL statement do you use?（）
- A、SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE '%SA/_%' ESCAPE '/';
- B、SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE '%SA_';
- C、SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE '%SA_' ESCAPE "/";
- D、SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id = '%SA_';
正确答案:
A
I am going to（）the meal, I insist.
- A、pay
- B、pay for
- C、buy
- D、take
正确答案:
B
设字段变量job为字符型，pay为数值型，能够表达"job是处长且pay不大于1000元"的表达式是（）.
- A、job="处长".AND.pay<=1000
- B、job=处长.AND.pay>1000
- C、job="处长".AND.pay<1000
- D、job=处长.AND.pay<=1000
正确答案:
A
多选题
Which three Layer 2 encapsulation types would be used on a WAN rather than a LAN (Choose three.)（）。
正确答案：
E,A
解析：
暂无解析
Which three Layer 2 encapsulation types would be used on a WAN rather than a LAN? （）
- A、HDLC
- B、Ethernet
- C、Token Ring
- D、PPP
- E、FDDI
- F、Frame Relay
正确答案:
A,D,F
The non-compete clause has been causing trouble for over 600 years.In 1414 an English court heard the case of John Dyer,an apprentice whose master had stopped him from plying his trade for six months.The judge was having none of it."The contract is contrary to common law,"he ruled.Individuals should be free to pursue the livelihood of their choice.That principle has been diluted in the intervening centuries-most countries give businesses some leeway to use non-compete clauses,whereby workers promise not to start or join firms that go head-to-head with their ex-employer.But their prevalence in America is striking Defenders of these agreements put forward several arguments.One is that non-competes encourage innovation by stopping rivals waltzing off with trade secrets;there is some evidence that levels of investnent are higher at firms where they are used.Another argument is that firms are less likely to train workers if newly skilled employees are able to up sticks and take what they have learned with them to arival.Again,research backs up this claim.a third argument is that firms and employees should be free to contract as they wish he counter-arguments are stronger.The prevalence of non-compete agreements is clear evidence that they are being used indiscriminately.roughly 15 of american employees without a college degree,and a similar share of those earning less than$40,000 a year,are bound by them.Burger-flippers and care-home workers do not have trade secrets to hawk.unp pigr The gains in investment and training must be set against the wider costs.In one study,in Michi-gan,researchers found that workers'job mobility fell by 8%when non-competes were allowed.When people cannot work for another employer who would value their skills,wage growth suffers,too,because people typically achieve the biggest bumps in their salary when they move firm.Non-competes are also associated with a decline in enterprise.One study found that the rate of entry of new firms into knowledge-intensive industries fell by 18 when non-compete clauses could more easily be enforced The costs spill over to all workers-even those who are not subject to non-competes.Young firms are disproportionately important for job growth,for example;if fewer firms are formed,it will affect everyone in the labour market.And non-competes can have a chilling effect even in places that do not Recognise them The drawbacks of non-compete clauses are all the more worrying because of today's business climate.The incentive to invest and train counts for less when,as now,the American economy suffers from a lack of competition.Non-competes are also more worrying when the balance of power between companies and employees are already skewed.The spread of mandatory-arbitration clauses in employment contracts and the decline of trade unions are both signs of that imbalance
Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 5?
A.The non-compete clause unreasonably hampers the mol employees
B.Employees signing the non-compete contract will be given priority in recruitment
C.Employees wages will increase greatly if they sign the non-compete contract
D.The non-compete contract somehow does harm to the development of companies
单选题
Fluent and appropriate language use requires knowledge of ______ and this suggests that we should teach lexical chunks rather than single words.
正确答案：
D
解析：
单选题
In an “open classroom” the teacher is supposed to _____.
A
organize classroom activities rather than merely transmit knowledge
B
rely on the students interests in classroom activities
C
teach course less relevant to the established curricula
D
help the students improve their basic academic skills
正确答案：
B
解析：
本题主要考查open classrooms的定义。其意思是学校给学生提供一个活动的场所，学生可以做自己的事，老师的只是起监督作用而不负责传授知识。参考文章第二段末尾：孩子们在同一开放教室中进行许多不同的活动，而教师更多的是被看成敦促者而非知识的传播者。中学生有更多的机会自己决定选修什么课程，结果没有多少学生选修“外语和硬科学”。（注：硬科学指物理、化学、生物学、地质学等自然科学。）
